Dr Jekyll And Mr Hyde Gender Analysis - 976 Words

In the Victorian era, men continued to act as the superior gender to their female counterparts. Because men were usually more educated and wrote more works of literature, women were often absent from the bookshelves of the past. In The Stranger Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, the evident lack of women in the storyline elucidates the social roles they had at that time— to be maids, prostitutes, or innocent witnesses. Simultaneously, the lack of attention paid to women paradoxically bring more awareness to the topic. There are a few female characters in the novel, but they only play as observers, serving minor roles to the central plot of the story. Written at a time when gender roles were unstable and shifting,†¦show more content†¦Another example of female implied superiority is the maid that witnessed Sir Danver Carew’s murder. It is implied by the servant’s elevated position in relation to Hyde and Carew that she is above, or has an angel like appearance to what goes on below her. With the woman sitting at the second floor window and the two men approaching each other from opposite sides of the street, the three people form a triangular shape— the woman at the apex, and the males along the base, insinuating that she is superior. Furthermore, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde possess feminine characteristics, rendering any other female role redundant and unnecessary. Jekyll himself embodies the characteristics of a female by, in an imaginative way, giving birth to Hyde. In fact, Dr. Jekyll’s transformation into Hyde mimics that of actual labor: â€Å"The most racking pangs succeeded: a grinding in the bones, deadly nausea, and a horror of the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth or death† (28). Jekyll has created, to some extent, another person to now watch out for and care for, like a mother would to their child. He realizes that Hyde becomes too much of a burden mentally and physically, so he tries to subdue Hyde’s power. A man has taken over not only the basic tasks like running errands and caring for a household, but now reproduction as well, showcasing that women are not being excluded from the story, they are merely taking form as men. HydeShow MoreRelatedThe Ideas Of Sexuality And Gender1676 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will discuss the ideas of sexuality and gender in Bram Stokers Dracula with comparative analysis of Robert Louis-Stevenson s Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and it s ideas of doubling. While drawing from questions raised in Christopher Crafts essay Kiss me with those red lips on the dual inverted nature of vampirism. It will answer these questions of do we have penetrators or orfices? What are the relations between blood and semen, blood and milk? While ultimately coming to a conclusion of whatRead MoreThe Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wylde658 Words   |  3 Pageshttp://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/gender/2011/11/09/whats-the-difference-between-a-peacock-and-a-pocket-flap/ 14 http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Dandy.html 15 Victorian Ideals: The Influence of Society’s Ideals on Victorian Relationships- Felicia Appell 16 http://www.redflag.org.uk/frontline/15/15wilde.html 17 http://philosophynow.org/issues/65/Wilde_and_Morality 18 http://www.freetopessays.com/content/victorian-dual-nature-dr-jekyll-and-mr-hyde 19 http://modernism.research.yaleRead MoreEssay on The Gothic Genre and What it Entails6177 Words   |  25 Pagestexts are not necessarily subversive but do all address some form of socio-political division. There is a cogent body of criticism claiming Frankenstein as a radical text and an equally cogent analysis that posits it in a conservative pigeonhole, especially plausible considering Mrs Shelleys eventual distaste for nineteenth century radicalism. Davenport-Hines quotes her as writing, I have no wish to ally myself to the radical - they are full of repulsion to me. (189)Read More11 Types of Essay4025 Words   |  17 Pagesstart. The influence of benefits on these opinions The impact that science and art bring to the world is immense. And no wonder it is so hard to imagine lives without them. Exploration of the world through analysis, comparison, syntheses and calculation in science faces the very same analysis, comparison, and syntheses of the outside world in art. Nevertheless, the benefits they bring to the world are irreconcilably different. Art makes the world more beautiful and science finds the truth to controlRead MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 Pages...................................................................... 19 Values Markets Scream for Change .................................................................................................. 21 The Not So Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: CSR Market Segments and Growing Corporate Sustainability Consciousness ................................................................. 23 In Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ....................................................................................Read MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 Pages...................................................................... 19 Values Markets Scream for Change .................................................................................................. 21 The Not So Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: CSR Market Segments and Growing Corporate Sustainability Consciousness ................................................................. 23 In Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ....................................................................................Read MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesHim by Isaac Asimov Test About the Work Frankenstein by Mary Shelley In Mary Shelley’s 1818 novel Frankenstein, a young scientist brings on his own destruction by constructing an artificial man and bringing it to life. Through the characters of Dr. Frankenstein and his creature, this powerful novel explores the themes of ambition, science, moral responsibility, social isolation, and psychological balance. With its wild and desolate settings and its supernatural being, Frankenstein is an exampleRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEthical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmust be performed and try to devise the work systems that allow their organizations to operate most efï ¬ ciently. The Gilbreths Two prominent followers of Taylor were Frank Gilbreth (1868–1924) and Lillian Gilbreth (1878–1972), who reï ¬ ned Taylor’s analysis of work movements and made many contributions to time-and-motion study.15 Their aims were to (1) break up and analyze every individual action necessary to perform a partic- 26 Jones−George: Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition I. Management

The Major Forms Of Conformity - 1691 Words

In this study the goal is to explore some of the major forms of conformity, a social influence and explain how/ why people conform to perceived social roles in today’s modern society. INTRODUCTION A social influence is when a person or even potentially a group uses some type of social power over someone in the attempt to persuade a change of the attitudes or behavior of someone else in a certain way. For example, conformity is a major type of social influence involving a change in attitude, belief, or behavior in order to fit in (McLeod 2016). Specifically, conformity, also known as residing to the majority, quickly creeps its way into our lives starting at a young age, and it is known for taking over how we do everything that we do. No†¦show more content†¦In Asch’s Line Study (1951), one male subject was selected to sit in a room with who he presumed were other test subjects; however, they were not other test subjects. From there every person was asked to answer a series of questions regarding which line he thought appeared to be the closest to the sample line shown. They would state out loud which line they felt to be most similar to the target line. So, the y went down the line one by one and the pretend subjects said which line they thought was the correct answer. Except, they all said the incorrect answer, and when it got to be the actual test subjects turn he opted to state the incorrect answer seeing as that is what the majority of the group was saying. He did this even if he clearly could tell that answers they were saying were wrong, and when he did repeat the incorrect answer he would hesitate, or stutter. These results provided by the subject were consistent with Asch’s hypothesis that a subject would chose to conform in a group if the group was all selecting one answer, even if the subject felt differently. Since Asch’s goal was to understand why someone would conform to the majority of the group even if the group was clearly incorrect, so he repeated this test a few more times. specifically, there were â€Å"18 trials in each series†¦. On 12 of these the majority responds erroneously† (Asch, 1951, p.Show MoreRelatedAdaptive Social Behaviors, Conformity, Compliance And Obedience1369 Words   |  6 PagesAdaptive Social Behaviours Conformity, compliance and obedience are a set of adaptive social behaviours that one makes use of to get by in daily social activities. They are all some form of social influence, which causes a change in a particular person or group’s behaviour, attitude and/or feelings (Cialdini, 2000, 2006). Various forms of social influence have been used for a variety of reasons; sometimes to help individuals stray from harmful behaviour such as smoking; other times [not as altruisticRead MoreRandomly Select Films From Netflix Popular Movie Section1354 Words   |  6 Pagesourselves through social and environmental influences. This concept is explained in social psychology a major influence being: conformity. Conformity means to â€Å"comply with conventions or modeling your behavior based on what you think others want† (Emily Cummins, 2013). A popular observational study is Asch’s Line Study in which he observes different groups of subjects and defines different levels of conformity. â€Å"Asch wanted to investigate whether people would conform to the majority in situations where anRead MoreDifferent Types Of Knowledge : Personal And Shared Knowledge1392 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual behaviour. Similar to obedience, conformity is an integral part of social life in a way that we are pressured to behave in ways that are viewed as acceptable and appropriate by a particular group, peer or culture. The rules that cause people to conform are known as social norms, and have a major influence on our behavior. When the norms are clear and distinct we can expect to conform more and when it is not clear, it leads the way for less conformity and uncertainty. Many people choose toRead MoreEssay about Resisting Negative Peer Pressure1055 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Conformity is the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to what individuals perceive as normal of their society or social group. This influence occurs in small groups and society as a whole, and may result from subtle unconscious influences, or direct and overt social pressure. Conformity can occur in the presence of others or when an individual is alone† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformity) Has there been a time when you suddenly found yourself watching a group ofRead MoreLeadership And Teams : Conformity929 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership and Teams - Conformity Leadership with in teams has become the new standard in most contemporary business these days. The model of leadership one choses can help determine the success and effectiveness of a team. We will look into the model of servant leadership, the role conformity plays in teams, and how we can be a better manager. Servant Leadership Being a servant leader is a concept I explored in a previous class while researching Zappos.com, where they require all their managersRead MoreLeadership And Teams : Conformity1278 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Teams – Conformity Conformity continues to be an expectation and need in many groups. The ability for a group to resolve differences or come up with the required conclusion could require that one or more people in the group need to conform with a premise that the majority considers. This paper will present answers to the following questions. Does the desire to be accepted as a part of a group leave one susceptible to conforming to the group’s norms? Can a group exert pressure that’sRead MoreOf Social Conformity In Ernest Hemingways The Sun Also Rises And Babbitt1582 Words   |  7 PagesDalia Makhlouf Gregory Beirich History 173 11 December 2017 Social Conformity: The Sun Also Rises and Babbitt Conformity can be understood as the adjusting self as per accepted standards while social conformity, in particular, refers to that adjustment made by a person to fit in the prevailing nature of a particular group. In this understanding, social compliance can be the changing of one’s behavior and other actions to reflect those of a social group, family, friends or community in general. InRead MoreSociety vs Self1013 Words   |  5 Pages Due to this influence, society has a negative impact on the individuals who are a part of it. Society forces conformity on others, has individuals acting selfish, and lowers self-esteem which ultimately has a negative effect on individuals.   Society  influences  people  into  conformity.  Conformity  means  to  be  or  become similar  in  form,  nature,  or  character.  A huge type of conformity is peer pressure. Like a  student  being  coerced into trying marijuana. In the school society, students often pressureRead MoreEssay1224 Words   |  5 Pagesbecomes the one to lead the revolution against the government. I think that this movie is a great example to relate to our Introduction to Sociology class because it incorporates key ideas such as culture, society, norms, deviance, and group conformity. The first idea used in this movie relating to sociology is society. Society is defined in the dictionary as a structured community of people bound together by similar traditions, institutions, or nationality (source 1). The society in EquilibriumRead MoreEssay on Conformity and Political Control1353 Words   |  6 Pagesconform to others. Although there are many explicit forms of conformity, there are also implicit forms of conformity that affect the attitudes and behavior of people on a subconscious level. The major problem with the modern bi-partisan political system is that it is fundamentally built on the idea that people will conform to others that are associated with them socially. Chartrand and Bargh completed one of the more famous experiments on conformity in 1999 where they were able to illustrate that

Mr. Shamal Fernando Free Essays

I am dealing with Cardiovascular, Anti diabetic and general product range. There are 7 Sirs and 3 sales representatives under my supervision, and the product range is highly expensive. I am responsible of the growth and the monthly sales of the above range including the strategic implementation for products. We will write a custom essay sample on Mr. Shamal Fernando or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also I am responsible for the training, Development and whole island Sales. In Sir Lankan I report to the Managing Director and the Principles. I have 7+ years of Marketing and Sales experience in Pharmaceutical, Insurance and Consumer products both in SSL and Philippines. Also I was worked as an Educational counselor at Speech power in Philippines. At the moment I’m giving teaching sessions to the orphaned children. I do Serviced Customers’, enthusiastically and deliberately to provide Excellent customer satisfaction. Objective To be a productive innovative marketing oriented person in the Pharmaceutical ,fast moving challenging business environment and to acquire and enhance my knowledge and be able to effectively practice these in the pursuance of my career. I pursue to become a Professional customer service individual along with good Salesmanship and Management and to be the most highlighted individual in my career. Person My Sales, Marketing and Customer oriented services counts more than 7 years. I have a good understanding of customer needs and their mentality on purchasing goods. I am very much capable of handling Sales Marketing staff to get the best out of them. I have been awarded the hard diligent working employee’ in one of my former companies. I have tirelessly worked in any company I worked with honesty. I as an individual always try to delight people whom I associate with . This has made me a preferred employee by my superiors where-ever I have worked. I have a very good command of English. Educational Qualifications I passed the G. C. E OIL Examination in December 1997 with one distinction pass and seven credit passes. How to cite Mr. Shamal Fernando, Papers

Biography of Nelson Mandela The Legend of South Africa

Question: Discuss about the Biography of Nelson Mandela for The Legend of South Africa? Answer: Just like M.K. Gandhi is considered to be the Father of India, in a similar way Nelson Mandela is also known to be the founder of modern and independent nation of South Africa. It is very difficult to sum up his contributions in a single word and it requires detail study of his life and political careers. The history of South Africa remains incomplete without mentioning about this great personality. Early Life of Nelson Mandela The birth of Nelson Mandela takes place in the year of 1918 in Mvezo village of Transkei. He belongs to the family of Madiba clan where is father was a tribal leader. Owing to the influence of black community elders, Mandela since his childhood had made up his mind to contribute in the struggle for freedom of the black people. After the death of his father in the year of 1930, he shifted to Mqhekezweni Palace to work as a ward of Jongintaba Dalindyebo. Mandela attended the institute of Clarkebury Boarding and after completing the school education he joined the University College of Fort Hare (Telegraph 2013). Then after the completion of BA, he joined the University of Witwatersand to study law from where he became involved in active politics to fight for the equality and eradication of white supremacy from the country. Unfortunately being expelled from the University he was unable to finish the law degree. But later on he completed his law degree through his own dint and determinati on. Political Career of Nelson Mandela Before highlighting the political career of Nelson Mandela it is important to say a few words about the political and socio-economic conditions of the African nations including that of South Africa. Like other African nations, South Africa was also a colony of the white rulers who considered themselves highly civilized and educated than the black population. Owing to this superiority complex, black people were subjected to all forms of discrimination and were only treated as cheap laborers and were given quite low wages. They were entirely segregated from every sort of social life (History n.d.). They were forbidden to marry white people, they were deprived of admission in schools meant for the whites, and they had to travel on separate coaches and were even forbid to conduct or participate in the prayer of the white people. The country witnessed worst form of racial discrimination and suppression during the reign of British administrators like Alfred Milner, Louis Botha and subseque nt white rulers. They had framed various anti-black legislations to establish the policy of apartheid that involves segregation at every level of life. Nelson Mandela himself had witnessed the white supremacy during his college and university days (The African File 2007). His actual involvement in the politics began with the joining of the African National Congress in the year of 1944 where he became the leader of the youth wing of the party. Then subsequently he became the leader of the party to bring an end to the so called apartheid in the country. He adopted certain plans and programs to achieve his objective. As a mass leader he had organized various campaigns where he himself took an active part. These mainly include Defiance campaign in the year of 1952 and adoption of Programme of Action in the year of 1949. Due to his vocal criticism of the apartheid laws, the government imposed restriction on the political activities of Mandela that includes giving speeches, organizing protest rallies and so on. In the year of 1956 he was arrested along with other party activists on the charge of treason and was acquitted in the year of 1961. Though Mandela at some point of time had advocated armed resistance but mostly focused on following non-violent actio ns to end the policy of apartheid and to free his country from the clutches of white rule. His main objective was total abandonment of the regressive laws that stalled the progress of his fellow countrymen (SA History n.d.). Mandela through his works also advocated his policy to take on the white rulers of the country. Domestic impact of the anti-apartheid movement of Nelson Mandela The acquittal of Nelson Mandela had failed to bring out any solution to the problem of apartheid in the country. It was quite evident when Mandela was again arrested in the year of 1962 on the charge of leaving the nation illegally and encouraging workers to go for a strike. After his arrest he was sentenced to long term imprisonment and was confined to the jail of Robben Island in the year of 1963. No doubt that the movements initiated by Mandela had generated tremendous impact in the ordinary life of the common black people of South Africa. But at the same time, international community does also deserve credit in creating awareness about the problem of apartheid in the nation. It is because of this international pressure that the capital punishment of Mandela had been commuted to harsh prison imprisonment. However, the arrest of Nelson Mandela gave a new vigor and strength to the movement of the black African people (Borgen Project 2013). Despite his banishment from the active poli tical fields, Mandela continued to be the symbolic leader of the anti- apartheid movement. Oliver Tambo in the year of 1980 organized the campaign of Free Nelson Mandela which made the jailed person a well established name all over the world. Sensing the growing international pressure the government tried to enter with some sort of compromise with Mandela before setting him free. But Mandela rejected to compromise with his principles and policies. In the year of 1982 Mandela was being shifted to the Pollsmoor Prison and in the year of 1988 he was confined on house arrest. The situation dramatically transformed with the presidency of Klerk. It was during his tenure that the ban from African National Congress was formally revoked and there emerged the possibility of the permanent end of apartheid from South Africa. It was eventually became a reality with the release of release of nelson Mandela in the year of 1990 in the month of February (National Journal 2014). After coming out from his yearlong imprisonment, Mandela began the task of negotiations with the ruling political party and other political organizations to end the practice of apartheid with the setting up of multiracial government. The proposal was accepted wholeheartedly from every quarter of the country and for the first time the people of South Africa appeared to cast their votes in the year of 1994 in the first multi-party elections of the nation. People voted in large number in the favor of African National Congress and so it was emerged victorious in the election. On the month of May, 1994 Mandela became the first ever black president of South Africa. As the newly appointed president of the nation, Mandela constituted a special commission to investigate political and human rights violation that took place due to the clash between opponents and supporters of antiapartheid movement in the period between the years of 1960 to 1994. Then a number of economic and social programs were launched under his supervision for improving the conditions of the black people. In the year of 1996 he presided to bring out a new constitution for the country to bring racial equality and eradication of discriminations of all sorts. He was ultimately successful to bring improvement in the relation between white and black people of South Africa. International impact of anti-apartheid movement The struggle of Nelson Mandela had influenced the international community to agreat extent which ultimately leads to the permanent end of the policy of apartheid in South Africa. It becomes more evident in the confession of last white ruler of South Africa F.W. Klerk. In his own word he had confessed how his government came under tremendous pressure in the form of political and economic restrictions to come into terms with the African National Congress and other relevant stakeholders. The first instance of internal pressure involves boycott of the nation from every political platform of the world. All most every country of the world severed its tie with South Africa due to its continuous pursuance of the policy of apartheid. In the year of 1977 the Security Council of the UN imposed arms embargo. As a result of this South Africa failed to buy sophisticated arms and ammunitions as well as other destructive weapons. It is considered to be the most effective tool that forced the country to review its anti-black policies and laws. Without the imposition of arms embargo it would have been of little help to force the White government of South Africa to eliminate the practice of apartheid (ABC 2013). Another factor that mounted pressure on South Africa involves fleeing of investors from the country due to instable political environment in the nation. Not only domestic even many international firms were also reluctant to set up business in this African country due to growing turmoil. Along with that it was also stopped from receiving funds from foreign countries and both these factors ultimately made the government to realize the fund crunch and made it defaulter in the international community. In the year of 1985 the European Community imposed a limited sort of trade restrictions but it was not enough to pressurize the South African Government (Nelson Mandela n.d.). So in the next year the Community passed a rigid trade restriction and US also introduced a tough sanction in the shape of an anti-apartheid act which hit the economy of the nation quite badly. Faced with both economic and political sanctions the government ultimately agreed to talk about the independence of the Afric an nation with its leading black political leaders. The anti-apartheid movement of Nelson Mandela had also influenced people like Martin Luther King Jr to unleash a fresh movement in a peaceful manner to obtain the legitimate rights of the black people in USA. Coupled with this the adoption of international convention to eliminate all forms of racial discrimination also put the prestige of the white government of South Africa at a great stake (Biography Online n.d.). The impact of Mandelas movement also felt even in educational institutions of the world where statutes of Mandela were erected as a mark of protest against the injustice and suppression of the rights of black people. Every student was considered to be incomplete without highlighting the hardships and struggle of Nelson Mandela. The movement of Mandela had got more limelight in the year of 1984 and the credit mainly goes to Jerry Dammers for writing the song of Free Nelson Mandela. The song occupied the spot of no 9 in the popular song chart of UK. When fresh violence agai n erupted in the African country then in the year of 1986 the Barclays Bank was forced to sell its subsidiaries for the South Africa. All these incidents have truly played a big role in influencing the white government to permanently end the principle of apartheid in the country (The Guardian 2013). Conclusion After making significant contribution to the economic and social progress of South Africa, Mandela retired in the year of 1999 from active politics. But he continued his philanthropic activities and has received many awards and including Nobel Prize for his untiring efforts to lift the curtain of darkness from the life of black people. He always wanted to make South Africa a multi racial nation and never to deny the white peoples from their legitimate rights. He had established a foundation in his own name in the year of 1999 and through this organization he tried to advocate the concept of peace, reconciliation and social justice. He also belongs to the group of foundling leaders for establish the organization of The Elders in the year of 2007 to promote resolution of conflict and to offer solutions to various international issues (WSJ 2013). His death in the year of 2013 has created vacuum in the social and political life of South Africa to a great extent. It is expected that the p resent South African regime will continue the works started by Mandela himself to fulfill his desire. References Telegraph 2013, Nelson Mandela: life and times of South Africa's anti-apartheid hero, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/nelson-mandela/10140472/Nelson-Mandela-life-and-times-of-South-Africas-anti-apartheid-hero.html History, Nelson Mandela, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.history.com/topics/nelson-mandela The African File 2007, Impact of Economic and Political Sanctions on Apartheid, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://theafricanfile.com/politicshistory/impact-of-economic-and-political-sanctions-on-apartheid/ SA History, The Pre-Mandela Period: Colonial History of South Africa (1652-1917), viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/pre-mandela-period-colonial-history-south-africa-1652-1917 Borgen Project 2013, Nelson Mandelas Early Life, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://borgenproject.org/nelson-mandelas-early-life/ Britannica, Nelson Mandela President of South Africa, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela Biography Online, Biography Nelson Mandela, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.biographyonline.net/politicians/nelson-mandela.html Nelson Mandela, Biography of Nelson Mandela, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.nelsonmandela.org/content/page/biography The Guardian 2013, Nelson Mandela Anti-Apartheid Movement, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/08/nelson-mandela-anti-apartheid-movement National Journal 2014, The Life of Nelson Mandela, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/2014/07/18/life-nelson-mandela WSJ 2013, Nelson Mandela, South African Leader and Apartheid Foe, Dies at 95, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303997604579240503370719642 ABC 2013, Nelson Mandela: 12 letters from the desk of a freedom fighter, viewed on 29th January 2016, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-12-06/nelson-mandela-letters/2900788