Plato`S The Republic Essays - Socratic Dialogues, Dialogues Of Plato

Plato`S The Republic Socrates' ideal city is described through Plato in his work The Republic, some questions pondered through the text could be; How is this an ideal city formed, and is justice in the city relative to that of the human soul? I believe Socrates found the true meaning of justice in the larger atmosphere of the city and applied that concept to the human soul. Socrates describes his idea of an ideal city as one that has all the necessary parts to function and to show that justice is truly the harmony between the three stages of the city and soul in the human body. Plato introduces the idea of the happiness. Socrates says, in establishing our city, we arent aiming to make any one group outstanding happy but to make the whole city so, as far as possible (Plato 420b). I agree that in order to examine one thing that is difficult to comprehend, it is wise to look on a larger scale. In this case, Socrates had to examine the difference of a whole city and other concepts of cities in order to determine justice in the world and inner soul. In order to develop the perfect city Socrates had to develop the other ideas that contribute to the ideal city, the City of Need, and the City of Luxury in order to develop the Perfect City. I believe Socrates in-depth discovery process for the perfect city is a great philosophical look into the idea of justice. Socrates brought up a subject many men at that time would never have thought about and Plato believed that the idea of justice was worthy of writing a literary work to pass his philosophy on to future generations. Since the crucial elements of justice may be easier to observe on the larger scale like a city than on one individual. The focus for Socrates is a perfect city, because the city will represent human soul, Socrates says; we'll go on to consider it in the individuals, considering the likeness of the bigger in the idea of the littler?(Plato 369a). Plato's ideal city is really the search for the truth of justice, if Socrates were able to find the relationship between th e soul and city in his ideal city then he would have the true meaning of justice. We saw from the reading how he came about braking down the city's parts and also that of the soul in order to see the reaction between three different regions which Plato and Socrates describe in The Republic. According to Plato, Socrates broke down the perfect city into three parts; each part is tied to a specific virtue that he believes will help define justice. The three virtues are wisdom, courage, and moderation. Wisdom is the whole knowledge, which describes the rulers of the city. The rulers should be the ones who incorporate philosophy and ruling together to rule the city wisely. Courage describes the guardians, who's job was to defend the city from invasion and take new lands for the city. The third virtue of the ideal city was moderation which is the concept of self-control and knowing ones role, also the concept of one man, one job. The ideal city described in the work is ideal to me because it relates all essential parts to bring harmony among the different kind of people and the virtues that go hand in hand with to bring about justice. Therefore, the question arises, if I would want to live in the ideal city Plato has described in the work. My answer would be yes because it seems that everyone has a specific role to follow depending upon their abilities, both physically and mentally. When I look back to the early cities Plato discussed I agree with the city of need, but that is only part of the whole scheme of things. We need to add the luxurious things and leaders and the people to protect the city. No one of those first two cities could be great by its self, sure each one had their strong points but together they are harmonious to develop the perfect city. The perfect city needs both cities' traits, beginning

An Overview of Scandium (Sc or Element 21)

An Overview of Scandium (Sc or Element 21) Basic Facts Atomic Number: 21Symbol: ScAtomic Weight: 44.95591Discovery: Lars Nilson 1878 (Sweden)Electron Configuration: [Ar] 4s2 3d1Word Origin: Latin Scandia: ScandinaviaIsotopes: Scandium has 24 known isotopes ranging from Sc-38 to Sc-61. Sc-45 is the only stable isotope.Properties: Scandium has a melting point of 1541 Â °C, a boiling point of 2830 Â °C, a specific gravity of 2.989 (25 Â °C), and valence of 3. It is a silvery-white metal which develops a yellowish or pinkish cast when exposed to air. Scandium is a very light, relatively soft metal. Scandium reacts rapidly with many acids. The blue color of aquamarine is attributed to the presence of scandium.Sources: Scandium is found in the minerals thortveitite, euxenite, and gadolinite. It is also produced as a byproduct of uranium refinement.Uses: Scandium is used to make high-intensity lamps. Scandium iodide is added to mercury vapor lamps to produce a light source with a color resembling sunlight. The radioactive isotope Sc-46 is us ed as a tracer in refinery crackers for crude oil. Element Classification: Transition Metal Physical Data Density (g/cc): 2.99Melting Point (K): 1814Boiling Point (K): 3104Appearance: somewhat soft, silvery-white metalAtomic Radius (pm): 162Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 15.0Covalent Radius (pm): 144Ionic Radius: 72.3 (3e)Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.556Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 15.8Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 332.7Pauling Negativity Number: 1.36First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 630.8Oxidation States: 3Standard Reduction Potential: Sc3 e → Sc E0 -2.077 VLattice Structure: HexagonalLattice Constant (Ã…): 3.310Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.594CAS Registry Number: 7440-20-2 Trivia Scandium was named after Scandinavia. Chemist Lars Nilson was attempting to isolate the element ytterbium from the minerals euxenite and gadolinite when he discovered scandium. These minerals were primarily found in the Scandinavia region.Scandium is the transition metal with the lowest atomic number.The discovery of scandium filled a spot predicted by Mendeleevs periodic table. Scandium took the place of the placeholder element eka-boron.Most scandium compounds have scandium with the Sc3 ion.Scandium has an abundance in the Earths crust of 22 mg/kg (or parts per million).Scandium has an abundance in seawater of 6 x 10-7 mg/L (or parts per million).Scandium is more abundant on the Moon than on Earth. References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001) Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) International Atomic Energy Agency ENSDF database (Oct 2010)

My nursing theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My nursing theory - Essay Example The primary purpose of the interaction between humans and the environment is adaptation. Humans’ exposure to stressors (stimuli within the environment) triggers the development of coping mechanisms, which enable them to adapt to the changing environment. Each individual has two major subsystems; the regulator and cognator internal processing subsystems, which help them, cope with stimuli from both the external and internal environment. The regulator subsystem functions through the autonomic nervous system (perception and neural pathways, endocrine system) whereby the mechanism prepares individuals for dealing with environmental stimuli. On the other hand, the cognator mechanism comprises of perceptual/information processing, emotions, judgment and learning. The process of perception bridges or connects the two mechanisms. Roy asserts that nursing’s primary goal is to facilitate a patient’s development of health, which she defined as the process of becoming and be ing a whole and integrated person (Roy, 1980). Fundamental to all human beings, is their need to cling to their concept of a Higher Power. For some, acknowledging the existence of an existential being that possesses supernatural powers, which one cannot research quantitatively or qualitatively defines their conceptualization of God (Higher Power). Conversely, others negate the existence of a God, as they instead chose to focus on universal moral principles, which are not culture specific and promote equal and humane treatment of all; for example, they believe that it is wrong to kill or steal as it compromises another person’s quality of life. My personal nursing philosophy is primarily centered on acknowledging the existence of cultural diversity. Cultural diversity influences the differences in individual’s conceptualization of God. As such, it is crucial for nursing professionals to respect each patient’s

Current United States Policy on Commerical Aviation Security and Three Research Paper

Current United States Policy on Commerical Aviation Security and Three Potential Policy Alternatives to the Current Policies in - Research Paper Example The significance of ensuring security in the commercial aviation sector is to promote the safety of Americans and their property as well as minimizing the threat in other countries. Indeed, the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 together with the security mishap at the Heathrow airport in August 2006 in which a gang of terrorists who intended to bomb transatlantic jets scheduled to leave Heathrow Airport were arrested reminds the American people about the need to protect the American people against adversities. Therefore, some of the notable ways this possible is through constant revision of the Commercial Aviation Security Policy. The United States Policy on Commercial Aviation Security seeks to offer the most secure commercial aviation services to all stakeholders including travelers, airline firms, landing field, airline and airport service officers, government departments, and tourists and visitors. The passengers screening strategies has been reliance on technology that dete cts metallic objects from passengers' luggage. However, in some scenarios the technology has not been perfect in detecting explosives (Lisa, 2009; pg. 197). Therefore, three policy alternatives are discussed in this paper including; maintaining the status quo in the existing policies, enhanced technological equipment that detects both metals and non-metals, and finally passenger behavior analysis and profiling. The discussions of the three policy alternatives have revealed that the government needs to consider passengers behavior analysis and profiling implemented together with the technological screening methods in order to generate the best policy alternative. Background The United States Policy on Commercial Aviation Security exists to provide the most secure commercial aviation services to all stakeholders including travelers, airline firms, landing field, airline and airport service officers, government departments, and tourists and visitors. The threats that America faces each time sometimes forces them to get back with a review of the aviation policies in order to ensure security is even tightened more. Furthermore, the recent security threats have made the department of homeland security to intervene with the intention of making crucial policy changes. The aviation security strategy recognizes the fact that the security and economic success of America relies upon the protected business of its aviation industry and the utilization of her airspace. The strategy recognizes that the America needs to ensure the safe existence of the airspace for her citizens, for the global partners, and legitimate commercial activities. The country also recognizes that terrorists and unfriendly nations have developed perceptions that the aviation industry is a good ground for launching attacks and terrorist activities. Indeed, the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 reminds the American people about the need to protect them against adversities. Therefore, some of the no table ways this has been made possible is through continuous revision of the Commercial Aviation Security Policy. Of great significance however, is the passenger screening at the airports. The present technology has sometimes failed to detect terrorists smuggling explosives. The paper discusses the different strategies that the American government should sanction for implementation in order to

Marketing Fundamentals assignment (referral) 2 Essay

Marketing Fundamentals assignment (referral) 2 - Essay Example Hutchison Whampoa Limited is an international corporation having many diversified businesses including port operations, retail, property development and infrastructure, technology, and telecommunication operations. 3G Mobile Services is a mobile media company that operates from United Kingdom. The main businesses include communications, media and entertainment and information services (Hutchison 3G UK Limited, 2008). It is critical that target market for company's products and services is identified and analyzed. The target market where the company will operate and the customers to target pose significant insights into the demographics, market structure and other parameters. A proper research can provide credible results that can then be used to develop positioning and targeting strategies. Companies can access the market and capitalise on the endless opportunities only if these companies can understand the exact requirements of the target customers and modify their products and services accordingly. In addition to product and services development, the companies need to decide on the pricing of their products and services. The right price may spur the sales but too high or too low a price will definitely affect the company negatively. Pricing is a critical decision and hence can only be taken if exact market information is available. This decision has far reaching effects. Market is se Market is segmented based upon demographic factors like age, preferences, gender, and other factors related to potential customers; geographic factors like location, climate, population, etc; psychographic factors like attitude, lifestyle and values; and/ or behavioral factors like usage rate, brand loyalty, etc (Eztel Walker Stanton, 2003). Market Segmentation for 3G 3G has chosen United Kingdom as its primary target market based on its specific geographic factors like high population density, and relatively better law and order conditions, etc. This is also because of 3G's expertise and experience to operate in this region and the huge inroads that the company is able to create inside the big UK market for mobile communications. Being a mobile media company, it is critical for 3G to develop its products and services with specific focus on the UK's customer requirements. Based on the analysis carried out by 3G, the company identified various segments of mobile phone service market in UK. Some of these market segments that 3G identified during their market segmentation research are discussed in the following sections. With the advent of modern technology, only a small segment in the target market wants to use mobile phones for making and receiving phone calls only. They prefer various other features with their mobile phones. These factors are all based on the demographic, behavioral and psychographic factors that were considered by 3G during the research for market segmentation: Video Calls Many users (especially in the 15 - 40

Women in Viking Society

Women in Viking Society Role of Women in Viking Society Upon hearing the word â€Å"Viking†, a specific image is usually conjured in the mind’s eye. More often than not, it is of a group of big, burly men, pillaging helpless English villages and sailing across fjords, but there has always been more to the Viking people than wielding axes and braving treacherous water, especially when it comes to the women, who are commonly left out of this stereotypical picture entirely. Vikingar, the Old Norse word for viking, was solely in reference to the men, who were the ones who primarily participated in trips to Great Britain, Europe, and the East. According to most sources, the women within Viking society did not partake in those two activities and were delegated to more domestic tasks back home. It was known that many women participated on journeys to explore, though, and eventually settle in places such as Iceland, which was uninhabited and required that women travelled there to help create a permanent population, and Finland. According to the Judith Jesch at BBC News, â€Å"Most journeys from Scandinavia involved sea-crossings in small, open ships with no protection from the elements. Families heading for the North Atlantic colonies would also have to take all the livestock they would need to establish a new farm, and the journey cannot have been pleasant. The Viking colonists settled down to the farming life in their new home, or established themselves as traders and became town-dwellers.† There is also evidence that the women within Viking society could make a living in commerce. There have been merchants’ scales and weights discovered within the graves of women in Scandinavian countries, marking an association between women and trade. According to a ninth-century account of a Christian mission to Birky, a Swedish trading center, recounts the conversion of a rich woman by the name of Frideburg, as well as her daughter, Catla. Though by law, Viking women were under the authority of the men in their lives, primarily their father or husband, and they did not enjoy the same legal status as the men within their society. These women could inherit as much as their brothers would or, depending on the region wherein they lived, would not inherit anything at all. At a Þingi meaning a â€Å"thing† which was an assembly of the free men of a province, country, or a hundred the women were unable to bring forth a case unless a man would take over the prosecution on her behalf. Girls were usually between the ages of twelve and fifteen when they were married and were expected to run the household. When entering a marriage, the bride would have a dowry which would consist of materials such as linen and cloth, as well as a spinning wheel and a bed. Girls from more affluent families could also bring silver and gold jewelry, animals, and sometimes even farms. While she brought all of these things as part of her do wry, they still remained her personal property and never became a full part of her husband’s estate and it would be her children who’d inherit it. Once married, gender roles were even more clearly defined and the women were in charge of making sure that the family’s food would last throughout the long winter and they would make butter and cheese, as well as dried and smoked fish and meat for storage. Also, as a wife, a woman was expected to have knowledge of what herbs were good for taking care of the sick and wounded. In her husband’s absence, she was in charge of running the farm and even when her husband was not away, the animals were one of her responsibilities. Often, if she was from a rich family, she would have slaves and servants to help her and, as a sign of authority, she would wear the key to the food storage chests. She also would cook, clean, and make clothing for everyone. When it came to clothing for themselves, Viking women liked to dress as well as they could, in woollen dresses. Sometimes they would wear an article of clothing called an over-dress, material that was wrapped over their dress and a round the woman and held up by shoulder straps, fastened with brooches. They would often wear leggings or socks and a scarf to cover their hair. When it came to jewelry, they wore pieces made of silver and gold with intricate designs. Despite many obvious shortcomings that came with being a woman and a wife in Viking society, a woman could file for a divorce from her husband. If she became displeased with her husband in any way that the Vikings found substantial enough reason if her husband was lazy and did not work to provide for the family, if he treated her or their children poorly, or insulted the family that she came from she was allowed to divorce him. To achieve this, and in the presence of witnesses, she would declare herself divorced at the end of the bed her and her husband shared and as her front door. Upon divorcing him, she could reclaim her dowry and keep any younger children with her, while any older children would be divided between the two parents depending on the status and wealth of the parents’ families. Since most women’s lives were centered around the home, they managed to have a great influence within that sphere and, as a result, many women were buried with things that symbolize the importance of those roles and influences, as well as their responsibility and control over the distribution of clothing and food within the household. Though this was the most common way women in Viking society obtained notoriety, some were well known for different reasons. The Oseberg â€Å"queen†, buried with an ornately-decorated ship and high-quality goods was one of the richest buriest of the Viking Age, showcasing her prestige. There was also the grave of the Pagan Lady of Peel Castle, which was discovered in a Christian cemetery on the Isle of Man. To this date, it is one of the richest Viking burials for a woman found outside of Scandinavia. The Pagan Lady of Peel’s grave is solid proof of powerful women and of a high status during the Viking Age. One of these women was th e daughter of a Norwegian chieftain from the Hebrides, named Aud, who married a Viking based in Dublin. Upon the deaths of her husband and son, Aud took control of the fortune that the family held and had a ship bring her and hers remaining daughters to places such as Orkney, Iceland, and Faroe. Later, she settled in Iceland and distributed land to most of her followers. While it can be difficult to find records about many actual women within Viking society, it is much easier to find them within legend and folklore, where they often took the role of shieldmaidens (women who fought as warriors). There are very few historical accounts that say that women took part in warfare, but according to a Byzantine historian named Johannes Skylitzes, women may have fought in battle when Sviatoslav I of Kiev attacked the Byzantines in 971 in Bulgaria. The Varangians were defeated, but the victors were surprised to discover women among the fallen, armed as warriors. Even Leif Erikson’s pregnant half-sister, named Freydà ­s Eirà ­ksdà ³ttir, was said to have taken up a sword of her own and scared away Native Americans, according to the Greenland saga, though she is never explicitly referred to as a shieldmaiden. Even with a couple accounts such as these, it is difficult to prove that these shieldmaidens existed outside of Norse mythology. Though there are many shieldmaidens of legend, including Brynhild, Hervor, and the princess Thornbjà ¶rg, but they were largely members of the aristocracy. By the 11th century, Scandinavians began to be â€Å"Christianized.† With this mass conversion, the women were given the opportunity to take on new roles within society; these roles are often seen in the rune stones from that time. Through depictions of the Nativity, the Dynna stone, found in Norway, memorializes Astrid, the daughter of Gunnvor. Similarly, the Stà ¤ket stone, hailing from Sweden, commemorates a woman who went on a pilgrimage named Ingirun. In addition, Queen Emma of Normandy, daughter of Duke Richard of Normandy, descended from Normandy’s Viking founder Rollo. She married two kings of England and gave birth to two others, but it was during her married to the Danish Cnut that she was a notable patron of the Church. Upon the death of her husband, she had a record of the Danish kings who, in the 11th century, were in England written up. She called this work the Encomium Emmae and it had a portrait of Queen Emma within the manuscript. Women in the Norse wo rld were far more open to Christianity than the men were and, in religious matters, women were highly regarded, as shown in the Edda, the main source of Medieval skaldic tradition and word itself maybe even meaning â€Å"great-grandmother†. It is no coincidence that the very first church built within Greenland was built by Thjodhild, the wife of Erik the Red and mother of Thorsten and Leif Erikson. Though despite the advances that women were able to make through the Christianization of Viking society, practices such an infanticide, the killing of newborn babies, were still practiced nearly exclusively on female babies. In Viking society, sons were of much greater value for they could participate on raids and in trade, which would increase a family’s fortune and land, as well as their honor. Daughters were more of a burden to a family, having to be married off and provided with dowries and having to raise fewer females would also mean that even fewer babies would be born in the future, which would then save the household from having even more mouths to feed. While we know only a small amount of the women in the Norse world, we know even less of the lives lead by any female servants and slaves, who were the ones that more frequently took care of the children. There is very little known about women who were raised and lived within smaller households. While life for women in Viking society was far better than for women throughout the rest of Europe, gender roles were still clearly defined. The role could shift depending on certain, specific circumstances, or in fictional sagas, but it remained a fact that the Norse world was a patriarchal one. Bibliography Jesch, Judith. Viking Women. BBC News. BBC, 29 Mar. 2011. Web. 8 Apr. 2015. Harrison, D. Svensson, K. (2007). Vikingaliv. Fà ¤lth Hà ¤ssler, Và ¤rnamo. Snorri Sturluson. The Prose Edda: Tales from Norse Mythology, translated by Jean I. Young (University of California Press, 1964) Judith Jesch, Women in the Viking Age (New York: The Boydell Press, 1996), 107-108. Andrew Dennis, Peter Foote and Richard Perkins, trans., Laws of Early Iceland, Grà ¡gà ¡s (Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba Press, 1980), 51.

Thomas Edison :: biography biographies bio

Thomas Edison was born Febuary 11, 1847 in Milan Ohio. He was the youngest of seven siblings, and did not learn to talk until he was nearly four. At the age of seven Edison spent three months in school until his mother took him out of school and home schooled him. When Tom turned twelve the young entrepreneur became a railroad newspaper boy. He would ride rail cars selling candy, newspapers, fruits, and vegetables. Soon after Edison began working on the railroads he became practically deaf. There are several theories on what happened to make the inventor deaf one of the widest spread beliefs is that Edison lost his hearing when a conductor boxed his ears after Edison accidentally set fire to a train car. Edison said that he lost his hearing when a brakeman caught Edison by his ears to stop Edison from falling off the train. Regardless of what happened Edison couldn't hear out of his left ear and was about eighty percent deaf in his right ear. One day before getting on a train fourteen year old Edison noticed a todler with his back turned to an oncoming train. Tom reacted quickly throwing himself and the toddler off the tracks in the nick of time. The three year olds dad trained Edison to operate a telagraph machine as a reward. By the age of sixteen Edison had mastered this skill and left home. He moved to Boston, however a year and a half after he started working there he was forced to quit because his employer accused him of "not concentrating on his primary responsibilities, and doing to much moonlighting." Edison was moved to New York where he arrived practically broke. Three weeks after arriving in New York Edison had a job that paid much better than his Boston employer. The story goes that Edison who was broke and on the verge of starving came across a panicing broker. The broker was freaking out because an important stock ticker had broken. Edison tinkering paid off when he quickly fixed the ticker. The broker hired Edison on the spot as the company's repair man for $300.00 a month a very impresive amount in 1869. A year later Edison became a rich man when a company paid $40,000 for an improved stock ticker. Edison had expected no more than $5,000. After getting his first check for that much money Edison was at a loss for what to do.